rails devise 实例

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前言：

上两节我们讲了用户的添加、登录……，这一次我们遵循Rails的理念，快速实现用户的注册、登录……

理念：

1、少就是多

2、不要重复制造轮子

开始：

1、新建rails工程

1	`$ rails` `newr2 -d=mysql`

配置Gemfile文件，添加一句：

1	`gem` `'devise'#devise是一个gem包`

配置config/database.yml文件，修改适合自己的数据库名、用户名和密码。

1	`$ bundle install`

1	`$ rake db:create#创建数据库`

解释：

devise是一个开源的工程，主要用于用户的注册、登录、找回密码、session等等。所谓“不要重复制造轮子”，既然有好的工程，我们就拿来用，直接在Gemfile中作为gem包引入，方便之极。Do you want to know more?https://github.com/plataformatec/devise

2、配置devise

（1）应用devise：

1	`$ rails g devise:install`

输出如下：

===============================================================================

Some setup you mustdo
manually if 
you haven't yet:

1. Setup default url optionsfor
your specific environment. Here is an

example of development environment:

config.action_mailer.default_url_options = {:host
=> 'localhost:3000'
}

This is a required Rails configuration. In production it must be the

actual host of your application

2. Ensure you havedefined
root_url to *something*in
your config/routes.rb.

For example:

root:to
=> "home#index"

3. Ensure you have flash messagesin
app/views/layouts/application.html.erb.

For example:

<pclass="notice"><%=
 notice %></p>

<pclass="alert"><%= alert
 %></p>
===============================================================================

以上提示，我们后面再做理会！

（2）使用devise创建user model：

1	`$ rails g devise User`

发生了什么？

在app/models文件夹下产生了一个user.rb，也就是创建了一个user model
在db/migrate文件夹下产生了一个migrate文件
在config/routes.rb文件中添加了一行 devise_for :users

（3）配置user

编辑app/models/user.rb文件

class 
User < ActiveRecord::Base

# Include default devise modules. Others available are:

# :token_authenticatable, :encryptable, :confirmable, :lockable, :timeoutable and :omniauthable

devise:database_authenticatable,:registerable,

:recoverable,:rememberable,
:trackable, 
:validatable,#末尾添加,号

:confirmable,:lockable
#添加这一行

# Setup accessible (or protected) attributes for your model

attr_accessible:email,
:password,:password_confirmation,:remember_me
end

编辑db/migrate/20110726xxxxxx_devise_create_users.rb文件

class 
DeviseCreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration

defself.up

create_table(:users)do
|t|

t.database_authenticatable:null
=> false

t.recoverable

t.rememberable

t.trackable

#添加以下两行

t.confirmable

t.lockable:lock_strategy
=>:failed_attempts,:unlock_strategy
=> :both

# t.encryptable

# t.confirmable

# t.lockable :lock_strategy => :failed_attempts, :unlock_strategy => :both

# t.token_authenticatable

t.timestamps

end

add_index:users,
:email,:unique
=> true

add_index:users,
:reset_password_token,:unique
=> true

#添加以下两行

add_index:users,
:confirmation_token,:unique
=> true

add_index:users,
:unlock_token,:unique
=> true

# add_index :users, :confirmation_token, :unique => true

# add_index :users, :unlock_token, :unique => true

# add_index :users, :authentication_token, :unique => true

end

defself.down

drop_table:users

end
end

生成数据表：

1	`$ rake db:migrate`

（3）配置邮件服务器

编辑config/initializers/devise.rb

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# Use this hook to configure devise mailer, warden hooks and so forth. The first
# four configuration values can also be set straight in your models.

Devise.setup 
do |config|

# ==> Mailer Configuration

# Configure the e-mail address which will be shown in DeviseMailer.

config.mailer_sender ="xxx@126.com"
#换成你的邮箱，最好不要是gmail

# Configure the class responsible to send e-mails.

# config.mailer = "Devise::Mailer"

# ==> ORM configuration

# Load and configure the ORM. Supports :active_record (default) and

# :mongoid (bson_ext recommended) by default. Other ORMs may be

# available as additional gems.

require'devise/orm/active_record'

# ==> Configuration for any authentication mechanism

# Configure which keys are used when authenticating a user. The default is

# just :email. You can configure it to use [:username, :subdomain], so for

# authenticating a user, both parameters are required. Remember that those

# parameters are used only when authenticating and not when retrieving from

# session. If you need permissions, you should implement that in a before filter.

# You can also supply a hash where the value is a boolean determining whether

# or not authentication should be aborted when the value is not present.

# config.authentication_keys = [ :email ]

# Configure parameters from the request object used for authentication. Each entry

# given should be a request method and it will automatically be passed to the

# find_for_authentication method and considered in your model lookup. For instance,

# if you set :request_keys to [:subdomain], :subdomain will be used on authentication.

# The same considerations mentioned for authentication_keys also apply to request_keys.

# config.request_keys = []

# Configure which authentication keys should be case-insensitive.

# These keys will be downcased upon creating or modifying a user and when used

# to authenticate or find a user. Default is :email.

config.case_insensitive_keys = [:email
]

# Configure which authentication keys should have whitespace stripped.

# These keys will have whitespace before and after removed upon creating or

# modifying a user and when used to authenticate or find a user. Default is :email.

config.strip_whitespace_keys = [:email
]

# Tell if authentication through request.params is enabled. True by default.

# config.params_authenticatable = true

# Tell if authentication through HTTP Basic Auth is enabled. False by default.

# config.http_authenticatable = false

# If http headers should be returned for AJAX requests. True by default.

# config.http_authenticatable_on_xhr = true

# The realm used in Http Basic Authentication. "Application" by default.

# config.http_authentication_realm = "Application"

# It will change confirmation, password recovery and other workflows

# to behave the same regardless if the e-mail provided was right or wrong.

# Does not affect registerable.

# config.paranoid = true

# ==> Configuration for :database_authenticatable

# For bcrypt, this is the cost for hashing the password and defaults to 10. If

# using other encryptors, it sets how many times you want the password re-encrypted.

config.stretches =10

# Setup a pepper to generate the encrypted password.

# config.pepper = "025e837f7ae23e7f4e3b0a3dd048577e3b82c0f803fc4a8bac896303ab40545ab6e47600962cd8075c3122af0c98dba62bd6399604d622579797c282b0b1b2a1"

# ==> Configuration for :confirmable

# The time you want to give your user to confirm his account. During this time

# he will be able to access your application without confirming. Default is 0.days

# When confirm_within is zero, the user won't be able to sign in without confirming.

# You can use this to let your user access some features of your application

# without confirming the account, but blocking it after a certain period

# (ie 2 days).

# config.confirm_within = 2.days

# Defines which key will be used when confirming an account

# config.confirmation_keys = [ :email ]

# ==> Configuration for :rememberable

# The time the user will be remembered without asking for credentials again.

# config.remember_for = 2.weeks

# If true, a valid remember token can be re-used between multiple browsers.

# config.remember_across_browsers = true

# If true, extends the user's remember period when remembered via cookie.

# config.extend_remember_period = false

# If true, uses the password salt as remember token. This should be turned

# to false if you are not using database authenticatable.

config.use_salt_as_remember_token =true

# Options to be passed to the created cookie. For instance, you can set

# :secure => true in order to force SSL only cookies.

# config.cookie_options = {}

# ==> Configuration for :validatable

# Range for password length. Default is 6..128.

# config.password_length = 6..128

# Regex to use to validate the email address

# config.email_regexp = /\A([\w\.%\+\-]+)@([\w\-]+\.)+([\w]{2,})\z/i

# ==> Configuration for :timeoutable

# The time you want to timeout the user session without activity. After this

# time the user will be asked for credentials again. Default is 30 minutes.

# config.timeout_in = 30.minutes

# ==> Configuration for :lockable

# Defines which strategy will be used to lock an account.

# :failed_attempts = Locks an account after a number of failed attempts to sign in.

# :none = No lock strategy. You should handle locking by yourself.

# config.lock_strategy = :failed_attempts

# Defines which key will be used when locking and unlocking an account

# config.unlock_keys = [ :email ]

# Defines which strategy will be used to unlock an account.

# :email = Sends an unlock link to the user email

# :time = Re-enables login after a certain amount of time (see :unlock_in below)

# :both = Enables both strategies

# :none = No unlock strategy. You should handle unlocking by yourself.

# config.unlock_strategy = :both

# Number of authentication tries before locking an account if lock_strategy

# is failed attempts.

# config.maximum_attempts = 20

# Time interval to unlock the account if :time is enabled as unlock_strategy.

# config.unlock_in = 1.hour

# ==> Configuration for :recoverable

#

# Defines which key will be used when recovering the password for an account

# config.reset_password_keys = [ :email ]

# Time interval you can reset your password with a reset password key.

# Don't put a too small interval or your users won't have the time to

# change their passwords.

config.reset_password_within =2.hours

# ==> Configuration for :encryptable

# Allow you to use another encryption algorithm besides bcrypt (default). You can use

# :sha1, :sha512 or encryptors from others authentication tools as :clearance_sha1,

# :authlogic_sha512 (then you should set stretches above to 20 for default behavior)

# and :restful_authentication_sha1 (then you should set stretches to 10, and copy

# REST_AUTH_SITE_KEY to pepper)

# config.encryptor = :sha512

# ==> Configuration for :token_authenticatable

# Defines name of the authentication token params key

# config.token_authentication_key = :auth_token

# If true, authentication through token does not store user in session and needs

# to be supplied on each request. Useful if you are using the token as API token.

# config.stateless_token = false

# ==> Scopes configuration

# Turn scoped views on. Before rendering "sessions/new", it will first check for

# "users/sessions/new". It's turned off by default because it's slower if you

# are using only default views.

# config.scoped_views = false

# Configure the default scope given to Warden. By default it's the first

# devise role declared in your routes (usually :user).

# config.default_scope = :user

# Configure sign_out behavior.

# Sign_out action can be scoped (i.e. /users/sign_out affects only :user scope).

# The default is true, which means any logout action will sign out all active scopes.

# config.sign_out_all_scopes = true

# ==> Navigation configuration

# Lists the formats that should be treated as navigational. Formats like

# :html, should redirect to the sign in page when the user does not have

# access, but formats like :xml or :json, should return 401.

#

# If you have any extra navigational formats, like :iphone or :mobile, you

# should add them to the navigational formats lists.

#

# The :"*/*" and "*/*" formats below is required to match Internet

# Explorer requests.

# config.navigational_formats = [:"*/*", "*/*", :html]

# The default HTTP method used to sign out a resource. Default is :delete.

config.sign_out_via =:delete

# ==> OmniAuth

# Add a new OmniAuth provider. Check the wiki for more information on setting

# up on your models and hooks.

# config.omniauth :github, 'APP_ID', 'APP_SECRET', :scope => 'user,public_repo'

# ==> Warden configuration

# If you want to use other strategies, that are not supported by Devise, or

# change the failure app, you can configure them inside the config.warden block.

#

# config.warden do |manager|

# manager.failure_app = AnotherApp

# manager.intercept_401 = false

# manager.default_strategies(:scope => :user).unshift :some_external_strategy

# end
end

编辑config/environments/development.rb

R2::Application.configuredo

# Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/application.rb

# In the development environment your application's code is reloaded on

# every request. This slows down response time but is perfect for development

# since you don't have to restart the webserver when you make code changes.

config.cache_classes =false

# Log error messages when you accidentally call methods on nil.

config.whiny_nils =true

# Show full error reports and disable caching

config.consider_all_requests_local =true

config.action_view.debug_rjs =true

config.action_controller.perform_caching =false

# Don't care if the mailer can't send

config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors =true
#此处改为true

#添加以下内容

config.action_mailer.default_url_options = {:host
=> "localhost:3000"
} #刚才devise的提示中提到这一句

config.action_mailer.delivery_method =:smtp

config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = {

:address=>
"smtp.126.com",

:port=>
25,

:domain=>
"126.com",

:authentication=>
:login,

:user_name=>
"xxx@126.com",#你的邮箱

:password=>
"xxxxxx" #你的密码

}

# Print deprecation notices to the Rails logger

config.active_support.deprecation =:log

# Only use best-standards-support built into browsers

config.action_dispatch.best_standards_support =:builtin
end

（4）其它配置

随便新建一个home controller

1	`$ rails g controller home index`

删除public目录下的index.html文件

修改config/routes.rb文件，添加一句

1	`root` `:to=>"home#index"`

编辑app/controllers/home_controller.rb文件

class 
HomeController < ApplicationController

before_filter:authenticate_user!#添加这一句

defindex

end
end

编辑app/views/layouts/application.html.erb文件

<!DOCTYPEhtml>
<html>
<head>

<title>R2</title>

<%= stylesheet_link_tag:all
%>

<%= javascript_include_tag:defaults
%>

<%= csrf_meta_tag %>
</head>
<body>
#添加以下两句

<p class="notice"><%= notice %></p>

<p class="alert"><%= alert %></p>

<%= yield%>
</body>
</html>